King James Bible Dictionary

ROUGH, adjective [Latin raucus. Eng. rye, that is rough Latin ruga, a wrinkle. Gr. to snore. Latin ruga, a wrinkle, a ridge. See Ridge. The primary sense is to stretch or strain; but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.]

1. Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface; not smooth or plane; as a rough board, a rough stone; rough cloth.

2. Stony; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones; as a rough road.

3. Not wrought or polished; as a rough diamond.

4. Thrown into huge waves; violently agitated; as a rough sea.

5. Tempestuous; stormy; boisterous; as rough weather.

6. Austere to the taste; harsh; as rough wine.

7. Harsh to the ear; grating; jarring; unharmonious; as rough sounds; rough numbers.

8. Rugged of temper; severe; austere; rude; not mild or courteous.

A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough

9. Coarse in manners; rude.

A surly boatman, rough as seas and wind.

10. Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough remedy.

11. Hard featured; not delicate; as a rough visage.

12. Harsh; severe; uncivil; as rough usage.

13. Terrible; dreadful.

On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd, Satan advanc'd.

14. Rugged; disordered in appearance; coarse.

ROUGH from the tossing surge Ulysses moves.

15. Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, bristles and the like.

ROUGH-CAST, verb transitive ruf'-cast. [rough and cast.]

1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction and polish.

2. To mold without nicety or elegance, or to form with asperities.

3. To cover with a mixture of plaster and shells or pebbles; as, to rough-cast a building.

ROUGH-CAST, noun ruf'-cast.

1. A rude model; the form of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished.

2. A plaster with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.

ROUGH-DRAUGHT, noun ruf'-draft. A draught in its rudiments; a draught not perfected; a sketch.

ROUGH-DRAW, verb transitive ruf'-draw. To draw or delineate coarsely.

ROUGH-DRAWN, participle passive ruf'-drawn. Coarsely drawn.

ROUGHEN, verb intransitive ruf'n. [from rough.] To make rough.

ROUGHEN, verb intransitive ruf'n. To grow or become rough.

ROUGH-FOOTED, adjective ruf'-footed. Feather-footed; as a rough-footed dove.

ROUGH-HEW, verb transitive ruf'-hew. [rough and hew.]

1. To hew coarsely without smoothing; as, to rough-hew timber.

2. To give the first form or shape to a thing.

There's a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will.

ROUGH-HEWN, participle passive or a ruf'-hewn.

1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing.

2. Rugged; unpolished; of coarse manners; rude.

A rough-hewn seaman.

3. Unpolished; not nicely finished.

ROUGHINGS, noun ruf'ings. Grass after mowing or reaping. [Local.]

ROUGHLY, adverb ruf'ly.

1. With uneven surface; with asperities on the surface.

2. Harshly; uncivilly; rudely; as, to be treated roughly

3. Severely; without tenderness; as, to blame too roughly

4. Austerely to the taste.

5. Boisterously; tempestuously.

6. Harshly to the ear.

7. Violently; not gently.

ROUGHNESS, noun ruf'ness.

1. Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface; as the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock.

2. Austereness to the taste; as the roughness of sloes.

3. Taste of astringency.

4. Harshness to the ear; as the roughness of sounds.

5. Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity.

6. Coarseness of manners or behavior; rudeness.

Severity breedeth fear; but roughness breedeth hate.

7. Want of delicacy or refinement; as military roughness

8. Severity; harshness or violence of discipline.

9. Violence of operation in medicines.

10. Unpolished or unfinished state; as the roughness of a gem or a draught.

11. Inelegance of dress or appearance.

12. Tempestuousness; boisterousness; as of winds or weather.

13. Violent agitation by wind; as the roughness of the sea in a storm.

14. Coarseness of features.

ROUGH-SHOD, adjective ruf'-shod. Shod with shoes armed with points; as a rough-shod horse. [This word is not generally used in America. In New England, instead of rough-shod calked is used.]

ROUGHT, for raught; preterit tense of reach. obsolete

ROUGH-WORK, verb transitive ruf'-work. [rough and work.]

To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish.

ROUGH-WROUGHT, adjective ruf'-raut. Wrought or done coarsely.